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Which preference follows HSAB?

Au+ (soft) binds F− (hard) more strongly than I− (soft).

Fe3+ (hard) has no preference for O‑ versus S‑donor ligands.

Mg2+ (hard) binds S2− (soft) more than O2− (hard).

Co3+ (hard) binds F− (hard) more strongly than I− (soft).

In liquid NH3, the autoprotolysis (autoionization) is best written as:

2 NH3 ⇌ NH3+ + NH−

NH3 ⇌ H+ + NH2−

NH3 ⇌ NH2+ + H−

2 NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + NH2−

Alkali metals dissolve in liquid NH3 to give deep blue solutions. The color and conductivity are attributed to:

Charge‑transfer to NH4+ exclusively.

Solvated electrons (e−_solv) that are weakly bound and highly mobile.

Colloidal metal particles suspended in ammonia.

Formation of metal amides only, with no electrons in solution.

Autoprotolysis in liquid HF is represented by:

2 HF ⇌ HF2+ + H−

HF ⇌ H+ + F−

2 HF ⇌ H2F+ + F−

HF ⇌ H2+ + F−

In glacial acetic acid (HOAc), the solvent system acids and bases are:

H3O+ (acid) and OH− (base)

NH4+ and NH2−

H2OAc+ (acid) and OAc− (base) via 2 HOAc ⇌ H2OAc+ + OAc−

H+ and OAc2−

In 100% H2SO4, autoprotolysis leads predominantly to:

2 H2SO4 ⇌ H3SO4+ + HSO4−

H2SO4 ⇌ H+ + HSO4−

2 H2SO4 ⇌ H2S2O7 + H2O

H2SO4 ⇌ SO4^2− + 2 H+

Which statement about leveling is correct in liquid NH3?

HCl, HBr, HNO3 all appear equally strong because they protonate NH3 to NH4+.

Perchloric acid remains far stronger than HCl in NH3 and gives distinct strengths.

HF is stronger than HCl in NH3 due to hydrogen bonding.

Strong bases are leveled to F− in NH3.

Which salt is expected to be more soluble in liquid NH3 than in water?

NaCl due to formation of ammono salts Na+ and Cl− with strong solvation

CaSO4 because sulfate is very basic in NH3

BaCO3 because CO3^2− is strongly stabilized in NH3

AgI via formation of [Ag(NH3)2]+ (poorly soluble overall)

A classic acid–base neutralization in liquid NH3 is:

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

NH4NO3 → NH3 + HNO3 (spontaneous)

NaOAc + HClO4 → NaClO4 + HOAc

KNH2 + NH4Cl → 2 NH3 + KCl

Which statement about supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is correct?

It is ionic and highly conducting at ambient pressure.

It has tunable solvent power with pressure/temperature and negligible surface tension, enabling green extraction.

It is strongly polar protic and levels strong acids like water.

It is a strong Lewis base donor like ether.

Chemistry — Unit 1 — Test 6

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